Parts of speech

Part Of Speech

Function

Example

1 Noun

1.1 Common

1.2 Proper

1.3 Collective

1.4 Countable

1.5 Uncountable

1.6 Abstract

1.7 Material

Name of People, places, things, ideas, material etc called noun.

Madina Pak, Pakistan, Pak Institute, Computer, River etc.

A noun that represents any or all members of a class.

Country, River, School, Institute, City, Mountain, Girl, Boy etc.

Name of specific things is called proper noun, usually capitalized.

Madina Pak, Pakistan, Pak Institute, Bewal, River Ravi. 

A noun that represents a group or a collection of things is called collective noun

People, Group, Crowd, Team, Gang

Herd, Flock, Pack, Nest, Gaggle

Bunch, Pile, Set etc.

Noun that cannot be calculated and has plural form.

Chairs, bottle, students, fruits etc.

Noun that can be calculated and has only singular form

Money, furniture, information, butter, milk, cheese, rice, water,  etc.

Noun that represents intangible thing like ideas and notion.

Love, bravery, happiness, sorrow, coldness, childhood, success, peace, talent, clarity  etc.

Noun that represents tangible things.

Milk, Chair, Computer, Shoes, iron, gold, brass, marble, copper, steel, cotton, silver  etc.

2 Adjective

 2.1 Possessive

2.2 Comparative

2.3 Superlative  

It gives information about noun or pronoun.

Adjective has different types

1. Numeric
2. Quantitative
3. Qualitative
4. Possessive
5. Interrogative
6. Demonstrative

Nice people, beautiful flower, Handsome boy, Tall girl, white cat etc.

Six, Two hundred etc.

More, all, some, half etc.

Color, size, smell, shape.

My, his, their, your etc.

Which, Whose, What etc.

This, that, those, these.

That shows possession.

Hussain is a cute child.

Rabia is a tall lady.

It uses to compare two people or things.

Danish is taller than Hamza.

A rose is more attractive than sunflower.

That shows which thing has the most of the certain quality when compare more than two things.

Roses are most beautiful among all flowers.

Hussain is the tallest of the three.

3 Verb

3.1 Infinite

3.2 Transitive

3.3 Intransitive

3.4 Modal

3.5 Auxiliary

Verbs are action words, but some verbs give idea of existence.

Go, Buy, Catch, Create, Cast etc.

It is a verb that has a subject. It can be a main verb in a sentence.

Help, walk, sing, but, study, speak, need, work, travel, learnt, eat, read, answer, sell etc.

Which describes and action performed on an object.

A verb that does not take an object.

Come, Sit, Walk etc.

An auxiliary verb that is used to express modality.

It is a helping verb that is used with other verbs to form different tenses.

4 Adverb

4.1 Of time

            4.2 Of place

4.3 Of manner

4.4 Of Frequency

Used to modify verbs and other words.

Tell us about the time of action.

Loudly, Slowly, Correctly, Carefully.

Now, Then, Soon, Tomorrow, Yesterday, Today, Tonight, Again, Early etc.

Tell us about the place of action.

Here, Outside, near, top, somewhere etc.

Tell us that in which manner the action occurs or how the action occurs or occurred or will occur.

Loudly, Slowly, Correctly, Carefully.

Fast, Easily, Carefully etc.

Tell us how many times the action occurs or occurred or will occur.

Daily, Sometime, Often, Seldom, Frequently, Always, Ever, Generally, Rarely, Monthly, Yearly etc.

5 Determine

5.1 Definite

5.2 Indefinite

Determiners are words which come at the beginning of the noun phrase. They tell us whether the noun phrase is specific or general.

possessives: my, your, his, her, its, our, their, whose

demonstratives: this, that, these, those

interrogatives: which

Can you pass me the salt please?
Look at those lovely flowers.
Thank you very much for your letter.
Whose coat is this?

A definite article indicates that its noun is a particular one which is identifiable to the listener.

This is the apple of Kasmir.

Don’t use The

Before the name of subjects, games, months, days, people, villages, cities, provinces, countries, meals, diseases, colors, material nouns and abstract nouns.

A and An are called indefinite articles. “Indefinite” means “not specific”. Use A (AN) when you are talking about a thing in general.

I need a pen.

Do you have a driving license?

6 Pronoun

Pronouns are words used instead of noun

He, She, It, they, we, our, I etc.

7 Conjunction

7.1 Coordinating

7.1 Subordinating

Conjunctions are words that are used to connect other words or groups of words.

FANBOYS.

Conjunctions which connect two equal parts of a sentence.

And, Or, But, So.

Connect two parts of a sentence that are not equal.

After  before      unless 
although   if        until 
as         since       when 
because     then       while

 8 Preposition

8.1 Of  Place

8.2 Of  time

 8.3 Of  Movement

A preposition connects the relationship between a noun, pronoun and phrase to other parts of the sentence

Under      On     Before   Over     Past 

Of           Beyond       During    Against      For     

A preposition of place is a preposition which is used to refer to a place where something or someone is located.

She lives in New York.
Students study in library.
The wedding ceremony will be held in the hall.
There are some books on the table.
The teacher wrote a sentence on blackboard.
He was flying kite on the roof.

Her parents were waiting for her at the entrance of school
 There was a huge gathering at bus stop.
 His house is at the end of street.

Used for appoint specific time.

He was born in 1945.
She will go to New York on 25th of March.
The concert will begin at 7 O’clock.
He gets up early in the morning.
 We enjoyed a lot in the summer.
The president will deliver speech to public on Independence Day.
She received a lot gifts on her birthday. 

 Where were you at the lunchtime?
 I will call you at 12 A.M

Prepositions are used to show movement to or from a place.

I moved to Germany in 1998.

The train went through the tunnel.